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LNG System

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Support elements and analysis functions

Supporting Elements and Interpretation

LNG System falls under Plus in the LUSAS product feature level classification and includes the following features.

1. LNG System Feature Summary

classification

Summary of content

Element family

Advanced High-performance element library
: Bar, Beam, Plate, Plane stress/strain, Joint/spring/gaps, Shell, Solid, Axisymmetric solid/shell 80 types

Extended advanced high-performance element library
: Curved Bars/Beams/Shells/Solids, etc. 30 kinds of high-end elements

Analysis and design

Standard
: Linear Static, Linear Buckling, Natural Vibration, Interactive Modal Dynamic (IMD), Fatigue

Nonlinear
: Geometric
Material nonlinearities (concrete cracking, creep and drying shrinkage, Mohr-Coulomb geometry, heat of hydration, etc.)
Boundary Nonlinear (Construction Step-by-Step Analysis)

Dynamic
: Implicit/Explicit Dynamic

Thermal/Field
Static thermal analysis, time-dependent thermal analysis, thermal-structural coupling analysis (with temperature-dependent material property changes)

IMDplus
: Interactive Modal Dynamic Plus

RC Slab/Wall Design
Design review for reinforced concrete structures according to reinforcement conditions and national specifications.

LNG
Modeling, analysis and design review of LNG tanks as described on this website.

2. Analyze feature details

(1) General System Facilities

Online help
Comprehensive error diagnostics
User defined element and nodal output options
Full range of load types
General purpose load curve input
Generalized constraint equations
Resolution for multiple load cases
Flexible restart facility
Superelements (substructures)
Efficient automatic frontwidth optimisation
Efficient frontal equation solver for both large and small problems
Pre-conditioned conjugate gradient iterative solver for fast solutions of large problems

(2) Verification

Rigorous internal Quality Assurance procedures
Comprehensive machine checked testing
HECB calibration and NAFEMS calibration tests

(3) Implicit Stress Element Types

Plane frame/truss
Grillage
Space frame/truss
Curved thin and thick beams with constant/variable cross sections
Plane stress/plane strain
Plate flexure (thin and thick)
Ribbed plates
Axisymmetric solids with non axisymmetric loading
Axisymmetric membranes
Axisymmetric thin shell
Flat thin shells
Curved thin Semiloof shells
Flat/curved thin/thick co-rotational shells
3D solids
Composite shell
Composite solids
Generalised joint/gaps including seismic isolators, viscous dampers, lead rubber bearings and friction pendulum
2D plane stress/plane strain/ axisymmetric solid crack tip
Pore water pressure modeling (Plane strain only)

(4) Explicit Stress Element Types

Plane stress/strain with hourglass stabilisation
Solid with hour glass stabilization

(5) Thermal (Field) Element Types

Bars
Plane
Axisymmetric solids
Axisymmetric membranes
3D solids
Links

(6) Solvers

Frontal (direct) solver
Iterative (PCG) solver
Fast multifrontal direct solver
Fast multifrontal block Lanczos eigensolver
Fast complex eigensolver

(7) Linear Materials

Isotropic, orthotropic, anisotropic and rigidity models
Isotropic and orthotropic thermal materials
Composite lay-ups for shell and solid material models
Temperature dependency for all linear material models

(8) Nonlinear Materials

Plasticity model with isotropic and kinematic hardening using von-Mises criteria, includes a backward Euler stress update algorithm with consistent tangents
Anisotropic plasticity model with isotropic hardening using Hill or Hoffman criteria, includes a backward Euler stress update algorithm with consistent tangent
Plasticity model with isotropic hardening using a modified von Mises criteria with different properties in tension and compression, includes a backward Euler stress update algorithm with consistent tangent
Concrete models with opening and closing cracks and strain softening based on fracture energy in 2D and 3D
Concrete creep and shrinkage model to CEB-FIP Model Code 1990
Concrete heat of hydration modeling
Multi-surface cracking concrete with crushing material model
Viscous damped joints
Geotechnical model using Mohr Coulomb criteria including non-associative flow for soils and rocks
Volumetric deformation model for soils and crushable foams
Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin models for rubber materials with very large strains
Composite lay-ups for shell and solid nonlinear material models
Temperature dependency for all nonlinear material models
Creep model with time dependency and strain hardening
Viscoelasticity
Phase changes
User defined nonlinear material and creep interfaces
Damage model
Hashin material model for composite materials
Material model interface (MMI)

(9) Eigen Analysis

Lanczos and Subspace EigenSolver
Frequency bracketing
Euler buckling analysis
Guyan reduction with automatic or user defined masters

(10) Nonlinear Analysis

Incremental solutions with iterative correction
User defined combination of full or modified Newton Raphson iterations with line searches
Automatic arc length solution procedures with option for non-proportional loading
Automatic recovery upon convergence failure
Load or displacement control
Wide selection of convergence criteria
Large deformation, large rotation geometric nonlinearities
Large strains
Follower loads
Element birth and death facility
Centripetal stress stiffening
Temperature dependent material properties

(11) Dynamic Analysis

Forced response analysis
Modal (viscous or structural) or Rayleigh damping
Response spectrum analysis with a choice of SRSS and CQC spectral combinations
Modal synthesis analysis using superelements
Implicit transient dynamic analysis using Hilber-Hughes-Taylor time integration scheme
Explicit transient dynamic analysis using central difference time integration scheme
Initial velocity/acceleration input
Implicit and explicit impact
Linear and nonlinear dynamic analysis
Automatic time step selection
Time dependent material properties
Time dependent loading
Interactive Model Dynamics option for multiple loading events and advanced loading options

(12) Thermal Analysis

Steady state heat conduction/convection/radiation
Transient thermal analysis with a general two point recurrence scheme
Temperature dependent thermal properties
Temperature dependent nonlinear heat conduction/convection/radiation
Variable time step selection
Conduction/convection/gap radiation
Diffuse radiation using view factor with option to account for symmetry boundary conditions
Full and semi thermal-structural coupling

(13) Boundary Conditions

Choice of restrained, prescribed or spring boundary conditions
Transformed freedom option for skew boundary conditions
Time dependent boundary conditions and loading
Nonlinear friction and gap models to represent deformation dependent boundary conditions and contact problems
Slideline/slidesurface contact algorithms for use with implicit/explicit plane stress/strain, Axisymmetric, shell and solid elements
Convection and nonlinear radiation boundary conditions
Tied slidelines to connect incompatible meshes
Contact cushioning
Automatic pre-contact algorithm
Curved surface contact

Supporting Elements and Interpretation

LNG System falls under Plus in the LUSAS product feature level classification and includes the following features.

1. LNG System Feature Summary

2. Analyze feature details

(1) General System Facilities

Online help

Comprehensive error diagnostics

User defined element and nodal output options

Full range of load types

General purpose load curve input

Generalized constraint equations

Resolution for multiple load cases

Flexible restart facility

Superelements (substructures)

Efficient automatic frontwidth optimisation

Efficient frontal equation solver for both large and small problems

Pre-conditioned conjugate gradient iterative solver for fast solutions of large problems

(2) Verification

Rigorous internal Quality Assurance procedures

Comprehensive machine checked testing

HECB calibration and NAFEMS calibration tests

(3) Implicit Stress Element Types

Plane frame/truss

Grillage

Space frame/truss

Curved thin and thick beams with constant/variable cross sections

Plane stress/plane strain

Plate flexure (thin and thick)

Ribbed plates

Axisymmetric solids with non axisymmetric loading

Axisymmetric membranes

Axisymmetric thin shell

Flat thin shells

Curved thin Semiloof shells

Flat/curved thin/thick co-rotational shells

3D solids

Composite shell

Composite solids

Generalised joint/gaps including seismic isolators, viscous dampers, lead rubber bearings and friction pendulum

2D plane stress/plane strain/ axisymmetric solid crack tip

Pore water pressure modeling (Plane strain only)

(4) Explicit Stress Element Types

Plane stress/strain with hourglass stabilisation

Solid with hour glass stabilization

(5) Thermal (Field) Element Types

Bars

Plane

Axisymmetric solids

Axisymmetric membranes

3D solids

Links

(6) Solvers

Frontal (direct) solver

Iterative (PCG) solver

Fast multifrontal direct solver

Fast multifrontal block Lanczos eigensolver

Fast complex eigensolver

(7) Linear Materials

Isotropic, orthotropic, anisotropic and rigidity models

Isotropic and orthotropic thermal materials

Composite lay-ups for shell and solid material models

Temperature dependency for all linear material models

(8) Nonlinear Materials

Plasticity model with isotropic and kinematic hardening using von-Mises criteria, includes a backward Euler stress update algorithm with consistent tangents

Anisotropic plasticity model with isotropic hardening using Hill or Hoffman criteria, includes a backward Euler stress update algorithm with consistent tangent

Plasticity model with isotropic hardening using a modified von Mises criteria with different properties in tension and compression, includes a backward Euler stress update algorithm with consistent tangent

Concrete models with opening and closing cracks and strain softening based on fracture energy in 2D and 3D

Concrete creep and shrinkage model to CEB-FIP Model Code 1990

Concrete heat of hydration modeling

Multi-surface cracking concrete with crushing material model

Viscous damped joints

Geotechnical model using Mohr Coulomb criteria including non-associative flow for soils and rocks

Volumetric deformation model for soils and crushable foams

Ogden and Mooney-Rivlin models for rubber materials with very large strains

Composite lay-ups for shell and solid nonlinear material models

Temperature dependency for all nonlinear material models

Creep model with time dependency and strain hardening

Viscoelasticity

Phase changes

User defined nonlinear material and creep interfaces